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Math & Algorithms

The most popular blog posts about math & algorithms on Hacker News. 221 posts.

2023
182

Painting with math: A gentle study of raymarching

A compilation of my Raymarching and Signed Distance Field learnings and work. In it, I teach you how to leverage those techniques along with lighting models, smoothmin, soft shadows, and some math to create beautiful 3D raymarched scenes ranging from abstract shapes to infinite realistic-looking landscapes.

185

Eytzinger Binary Search

This tutorial is loosely based on a 46-page paper by Paul-Virak Khuong and Pat Morin “Array layouts for comparison-based searching” and describes one particular way of performing efficient binary search by rearranging elements of a sorted array in a cache-friendly way.

187

Embeddings, vectors, and arithmetic

An embedding is the representation of a piece of text like a word, sentence, or paragraph. Traditionally this value is in the form of a mathematical vector - a point in space. You can think of it as analogous to coordinates on a map that just happens to have many, many dimensions.

188

Higher quality random floats

Much has been written about how to generate random 64-bit integers; people might argue over which particular (CS)PRNG is best suited for a given task, but there is agreement on the general shape of the solution: keep some state around, and then extract 64 bits of randomness at a time, where each bit is equally likely…

189

NP-complete isn't always hard

A common assumption I see on the ‘net is that NP-complete problems are impossible to solve. I recently read that dependency management in Python is hard because package resolution is NP-complete. This is true in principle, but the reality is more complicated. When we say “NP-complete is hard” we’re talking about…

190

Solving “Two Sum” in C with a tiny hash table

I came across a question: How does one efficiently solve Two Sum in C? There’s a naive quadratic time solution, but also an amortized linear time solution using a hash table. Without a built-in or standard library hash table, the latter sounds onerous. However, a mask-step-index table , a hash table construction…

193

A Bayesian view of Amazon resellers (2011)

I was buying a used book through Amazon this evening. Three resellers offered the book at essentially the same price. Here were their ratings: 94% positive out of 85,193 reviews 98% positive out of 20,785 reviews 99% positive out of 840 reviews Which reseller is likely to give the best service? Before you assume it's

201

Tag Systems

I've tried to write a blog post on tag systems for years now. Literally years, I think I first started drafting it out in 2018 or so? The problem is that...

203

How Correlated Are You?

This post is an offshoot from Chapter 1 of Probably Overthinking It, which is available for pre-order now! Suppose you measure the arm and leg lengths of 4082 people. You would expect those measurements to be correlated, and you would be right. In the ANSUR-II dataset, among male members of the armed forces, this…

205

How to keep lambda calculus simple

Once upon a time, my curiosity of dependent types transitioned into an endeavour to learn how they work under the bonnet. Then I found the paper called “A Tutorial Implementation of a Dependently Typed Lambda Calculus” or just “Simply Easy” – and began reading it. However, the affairs happening there were so complex…