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FreeBSD Suspend/Resume
I have been using FreeBSD on the desktops/laptops since about 20 years now and I have described all that I configured in the FreeBSD Desktop series. About 1 year ago I shared a video on YouTube and…
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BM25 in PostgreSQL
VectorChord-BM25 enhances PostgreSQL search with BM25 ranking, 3x faster than ElasticSearch. Supports BERT, Tocken, and Unicode tokenizers
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Needy Programs
We used to use software; now software started to use us
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Wild performance tricks
Last week I had the pleasure of attending RustForge in Wellington, New Zealand. I gave a talk titled “Wild performance tricks”. You can watch a recording of my talk . If you’d prefer to read rather than watch, the rest of this post will cover more or less the same material. The talk shows some linker benchmarks, which…
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Building a message queue with only two UNIX signals
Have you ever asked yourself what if we could replace any message broker with a very simple one using only two UNIX signals? Well, I'm not surprised if you
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Caching is an abstraction, not an optimization
I've always been told that caching is a tool to make software faster. That, given some careful considerations to consistency, caching makes it so that when...
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Stategraph: Terraform state as a distributed systems problem
Terraform state is a distributed systems problem masquerading as file storage. Graph state fixes the bottlenecks.
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Did the Windows 95 setup team forget that MS-DOS can do graphics?
Oh look what you just made there.
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Odin: Moving Towards a New "core:OS"
The rationale and transition period to moving to the new “core:os”
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The best worst hack that saved our bacon
No-one really likes engineering war stories, but this one's relevant because there's a moral to it. I've talked before about defining technical debt as technical decisions that provide immediate value, but with long-term negative impact if they aren't cleaned up. Sometimes introducing technical debt
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Writing a Hypervisor in 1k Lines
Writing a Hypervisor in 1,000 Lines
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The Polyglot NixOS
Recently a colleague mentioned building NixOS images that run unchanged on multiple architectures. Given the past adventures on this blog with systemd-repart and cross-compiling NixOS, I decide to give this a go.
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Improving on std:count_if()'s auto-vectorization
To start off, we can leverage the STL for this calculation. std::count_if() more precisely:
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Just make it scale: An Aurora DSQL story
AWS Senior Principal Engineers, Niko Matsakis and Marc Bowes, take us inside Aurora DSQL's development: scaling write operations without two-phase commit, overcoming garbage collection hurdles, and embracing Rust for both data and control planes.
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How to make things slower so they go faster
In a service with capacity $\mu$ requests per second and background load $\lambda_0$, the usable headroom is $H = \mu - \lambda_0 > 0$. When $M$ clients align, e.g., after a cache expiry, at a cron boundary, or as a service returns from an outage, the bucketed arrival rate can
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Kafka at the low end: how bad can it get?
There is oft-quoted advice that Kafka does poorly as a job queue. I’ve experienced this myself, and I wanted to formalize it a bit.
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Lock-Free Rust: How to Build a Rollercoaster While It's on Fire
A joyride through the dangers of lock-free programming.
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We built another object storage
High-performance object storage exists, but the economics make it unusable at scale. FractalBits breaks out of the high-performance trap.
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From Azure Functions to FreeBSD
Putting FreeBSD’s “power to serve” motto to the test. On Thanksgiving morning, I woke up to one of my web services being unavailable. All HTTP requests failed with a “503 Service unavailable” error. I logged into the console, saw a simplistic “Runtime version: Error” message, and was not able to diagnose the problem…
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Simpler Backoff
Exponential backoff with jitter is de rigeur for making service calls. This code, or something like it, probably looks really familiar: func do(ctx context.Context) error { const ( maxAttempts = 10 baseDelay = 1 * time.Second maxDelay = 60 * time.Second ) delay := baseDelay for attempt := range maxAttempts { err :=…
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Decomposing Transactional Systems
Every transactional system must execute, order, validate, and persist transactions.
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The surprising struggle to get a Unix Epoch time from a UTC string in C or C++
So how hard could it be. As input we have something like Fri, 17 Jan 2025 06:07:07 in UTC, and we’d like to turn this into 1737094027, the notional (but not actual) number of seconds that have passed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. Trying to figure this out led me to discover many ‘surprise features’ and otherwise…
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Intelligent Kubernetes Load Balancing at Databricks
How Databricks uses client-side load balancing to improve gRPC traffic, reduce tail latency, and handle ingress with real-time service discovery.
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Building Burstables: CPU slicing with cgroups
Burstable VMs run on a fraction of CPU and burst to a higher level of CPU usage to support occasional usage spikes. To implement them, we leveraged Control Groups v2 (cgroups v2), a Linux kernel feature that helps manage resource usage. We thought our open-source implementation of burstable VMs might be interesting…
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Sometimes CPU cores are odd
TL;DR: all the assumptions you have about processor design are wrong and if you are unlucky you will never run into problems that users do through sheer chance.
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Installing and using HP-UX 9
A few weeks back I got a note on Bluesky, linking me to a website offering a free computer. The owner was in Cambridge, not far from me, and the computer was an HP 9000/300 Series - a Model 340, specifically.
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TLA+ Modeling Tips
Model minimalistically Start from a tiny core, and always keep a working model as you extend. Your default should be omission. Add a compone...