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Databases in 2025: A Year in Review
The world tried to kill Andy off but he had to stay alive to to talk about what happened with databases in 2025.
New
The latest blog posts to take off on Hacker News. 4,224 posts.
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MongoDB Server Security Update, December 2025
The following is an update on the security vulnerability identified in December 2025.
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MongoBleed Explained Simply
CVE-2025-14847 allows attackers to read any arbitrary data from the database's heap memory. It affects all MongoDB versions since 2017, here's a simple explanation:
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Pokémon Team Optimization
This article will show you how forming your Pokémon team can be turned into a mathematical optimization problem.
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Instant database clones with PostgreSQL 18
Learn how to clone PostgreSQL databases instantly using reflinks. Turn slow template copies into milliseconds with PostgreSQL 18's new file copy options.
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Your Supabase is public if you turn off RLS
I was chatting with a close friend of mine and he sent me a link to his new SaaS that he's developing.
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Using Vectorize to build an unreasonably good search engine in 160 lines of code
PartyKit now includes a vector database and access to an embedding model. Here’s a guide on how to use them to build a search engine.
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Go ahead, self-host Postgres
Self-hosting Postgres is simpler and cheaper than managed services suggest, with comparable reliability and better performance tunability.
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What Does a Database for SSDs Look Like?
What does a relational database designed specifically for local SSDs look like? Postgres, MySQL, SQLite and many others were invented in the 90s and 00s, the era of spinning disks. A local NVMe SSD has ~1000x improvement in both throughput and latency. Design decisions like write-ahead logs, large page sizes, and…
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Research team digitizes more than 100 years of Canadian infectious disease data
The new, publicly accessible database contains more than a million infectious disease incidence counts dating back to 1903.
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$50 PlanetScale Metal Is GA for Postgres
We've lowered the entry price for using PlanetScale Metal to $50 and added more flexibility in storage-to-compute ratios.
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Avoid UUID Version 4 Primary Keys in Postgres
Introduction Over the last decade, when working on databases with UUID Version 41 as the primary key data type, these databases have usually had bad performance and excessive IO. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4122#section-4.4 ↩
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Zmij: Faster floating point double-to-string conversion
There comes a time in every software engineer’s life when they come up with a new binary-to-decimal floating-point conversion method. I guess my time has come. I just wrote one, mostly over a weekend: https://github.com/vitaut/zmij .
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SQLite JSON at full index speed using generated columns
One of the coolest patterns in SQLite—store raw JSON documents, create virtual generated columns using json_extract, add indexes, and query JSON at full B-tree index speed.
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Litestream VFS
Query your SQLite database any time, anywhere
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Pg_ClickHouse: A Postgres extension for querying ClickHouse
Today, we’re pleased to release pg_clickhouse, an Apache 2-licensed PostgreSQL extension to transparently execute analytics queries on ClickHouse directly from PostgreSQL.
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How Google Maps allocates survival across London's restaurants
I wanted a dinner recommendation and got a research agenda instead. Using 13000+ restaurants, I rebuild its ratings with machine learning and map how algorithmic visibility actually distributes power.
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Jepsen: NATS 2.12.1
NATS is a popular streaming system. Producers publish messages to streams , and consumers subscribe to those streams, fetching messages from them. Regular NATS streams are allowed to drop messages. However, NATS has a subsystem called JetStream , which uses the Raft consensus algorithm to replicate data among nodes…
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We collected 10k hours of neuro-language data in our basement
Over the last 6 months, we collected ~10k hours of data across thousands of unique individuals. As far as we know, this is the largest neuro-language dataset in the world. [1] See here , here , here , here , and here (discussion only, no data available) for some of the larger datasets. See recent papers discussing the…
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How exchanges turn order books into distributed logs
Every modern exchange is a distributed database in disguise. This article reveals how trading engines transform chaotic streams of buy and sell orders into a perfectly ordered, replayable log, ensuring fairness, determinism, and market data reliability.
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State of AI: An Empirical 100T Token Study with OpenRouter
Read OpenRouter's 2025 State of AI report — an empirical 100 trillion token study of real LLM usage, model trends, and developer insights.
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100k TPS over a billion rows: the unreasonable effectiveness of SQLite
A blog mostly about Clojure programming
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Hachi: An Image Search Engine
For quite some time now, i have been working on and off on a fully self-hosted search engine , in hope to make it easier to search across Personal data in an end to end manner. Even as individuals, we are hoarding and generating more and more data with no end in sight. Such "personal" data is being stored from local…
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The CRDT Dictionary: A Field Guide to Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types
A comprehensive guide to CRDTs and their tradeoffs, from counters to sequences. Written in the spirit of the Typeclassopedia, exploring how different CRDTs solve the distributed consensus puzzle.
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Super fast aggregations in PostgreSQL 19
See how PostgreSQL 19 speeds up aggregations by aggregating before joins, with a benchmark showing over 5x faster execution.
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Python is not a great language for data science
It may be a good language for data science, but it’s not a great one.
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How/why to sweep async tasks under a Postgres table
I like slim and stupid servers, where each endpoint wraps a very dumb DB query. Dumb queries are fast. Fast queries make websites smooth and snappy. Keep those click/render loops sacred. Sweep complexity under a task table.
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Data-at-Rest Encryption in DuckDB
DuckDB 1.4 ships database encryption capabilities. In this blog post, we dive into the implementation details of the encryption, show how to use it, and demonstrate its performance implications.