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Math & Algorithms
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2437

The Firing Squad Problem

In 1957, John Myhill first posed an interesting problem that was closely related to computer programming, but did not require any related background to solve. Dubbed the "firing squad synchronization problem," the puzzle was passed along by word of mouth and first solved by Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy. However…

2440

How to Conquer Tensorphobia

A professor at Stanford once said, If you really want to impress your friends and confound your enemies, you can invoke tensor products… People run in terror from the $ \otimes$ symbol. He was explaining some aspects of multidimensional Fourier transforms, but this comment is only half in jest; people get confused by…

2451

What are the 'real numbers', really?

The short, simple answer used in calculus courses is that a real number is a point on the number line . That's not the whole truth, but it is adequate for the needs of freshman calculus. The freshman calculus course (at most universities nowadays) follows the 17th century style of Newton and Leibniz, emphasizing…

2459

How to make fake data look meaningful

If you are trying to trick somebody with your data, never share the raw data; only share the conclusions. Bonus points if you can’t share the data because it is somehow priviledged or a trade secret. The last thing you want is to allow other people to evaluate your analysis and possibly challenge your conclusions.