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2401

Minimal Boolean Formulas (2011)

28 . That's the minimum number of AND or OR operators you need in order to write any Boolean function of five variables. Alex Healy and I computed that in April 2010. Until then, I believe no one had ever known that little fact. This post describes how we computed it and how we almost got scooped by Knuth's Volume 4A…

2404

Homegrown Closures for Uxn

For a week or so now, I've been writing niënor , a "lispy environment for uxn" . I did not want it to become a full-blown lisp but just another way of writing uxntal . Uxntal is a bit too dense for my liking, and I prefer lisp/scheme s-expression syntax. Niënor is just a compiler and a macroexpander that takes in…

2415

The Humble Programmer (1972)

As a result of a long sequence of coincidences I entered the programming profession officially on the first spring morning of 1952 and as far as I have been able to trace, I was the first Dutchman to do so in my country. In retrospect the most amazing thing was the slowness with which, at least in my part of the…

2418

Darklang Goes Open Source

As part of shutting down Dark Inc. and forming Darklang Inc., we've finally open-sourced all of our repositories. Our source code is now under the Apache License 2.0. For years, we wrestled with questions of sustainability and how to build something that truly empowers developers. We've

2426

Q-learning is not yet scalable

Over the past few years, we've seen that next-token prediction scales, denoising diffusion scales, contrastive learning scales, and so on, all the way to the point where we can train models with billions of parameters with a scalable objective that can eat up as much data as we can throw at it. Then, what about…