1
Epoch confirms GPT5.4 Pro solved a frontier math open problem
"A Ramsey-style Problem on Hypergraphs" — a problem from FrontierMath: Open Problems, Epoch AI's benchmark of unsolved research mathematics.
Epoch AI
Epoch AI is a research institute investigating key trends and questions that will shape the trajectory and governance of Artificial Intelligence.
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2
Memory has grown to nearly two-thirds of AI chip component costs
High-bandwidth memory (HBM) accounts for 63% of AI chip component costs, up from 52% in Q1 2024. Epoch AI's breakdown of component cost shifts across major chip designers.
3
How has DeepSeek improved the Transformer architecture?
This Gradient Updates issue goes over the major changes that went into DeepSeek's most recent model.
4
Most AI value will come from broad automation, not from R & D
AI's biggest impact will come from broad labor automation—not R&D—driving economic growth through scale, not scientific breakthroughs.
5
New serious vulnerabilities spiked around release of Claude Mythos Preview
Notable organizations disclosed ~1,300 high- and critical-severity CVEs in June 2026, roughly 3.5× the pre-Mythos monthly record. Epoch AI's breakdown of vulnerability disclosures following Anthropic's Project Glasswing.
6
What's the largest software project AI can complete on its own?
MirrorCode is Epoch AI's benchmark for long-horizon coding: AI can reimplement entire programs end-to-end, with no access to the original source code.
7
How much energy does ChatGPT use?
This Gradient Updates issue explores how much energy ChatGPT uses per query, revealing it's 10x less than common estimates.
8
LLM inference prices have fallen rapidly but unequally across tasks
Epoch AI is a research institute investigating key trends and questions that will shape the trajectory and governance of Artificial Intelligence.